اصول حاکم بر حق کودک بر سلامت در نظام بینالمللی حقوق بشر
الموضوعات : child rightsزهرا ابراهیمی 1 , زهرا مشرفجوادی 2
1 - دانشجوی مقطع دکتری، حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشجوی مقطع دکتری، حقوق بینالملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: حق بر سلامت, کودک, تعهدات دولت,
ملخص المقالة :
کودکان به عنوان مخاطبان حق سلامت و نسل آینده هر جامعهای، به حمایتهای دولت، والدین و سرپرستان قانونی خود نیاز دارند تا از دوره کودکی وارد بزرگسالی شوند. کنوانسیون حقوق کودک در مواد متعددی به موضوع سلامت کودکان اشاره کرده و کمیته حقوق کودک از دولتها میخواهد در ایفای تعهدات خود در خصوص کودکان، شرایط کودکی و ظرفیتهای در حال تحول کودکان را مد نظر قرار دهند. از همین رو در کنوانسیون حقوق کودک چهار اصل اساسی: حق بر بقا و رشد، عدم تبعیض، حق بر شنیدهشدن و در نظرگرفتن مصالح عالی کودک مانند چتر حمایتی بر تمام حقهای بشری کودکان سایه افکنده است. از آنجایی که حق کودک بر سلامت حقی فراگیر است و از زمان تولد و حتی پیش از تولد تا دوران نوجوانی با چالشهای مختلفی رو به رو است، علاوه بر اصول اساسی، اصول دیگری نیز ضمیمه میشود تا محتوای حق کودک بر سلامت کامل گردد. حق بر آموزش و دریافت اطلاعات، در امانماندن از سوءاستفاده و بدرفتاری، منع رویههای زیانبار و تهدیدات دنیای دیجیتال اصول خاص حاکم بر تعریف حق بر سلامت کودکان است. لازم است دولتها حق بر سلامت کودکان را در تمام زمینهها در نظر گرفته و کودک را به عنوان فرد دارنده حق شناسایی کنند.
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