آیا همه‌گیری فرسودگی شغلی یک افسانه آکادمیک است؟ مروری سیستماتیک بر ابزارهای تخمین شیوع و ارزیابی فرسودگی شغلی و معرفی ابزارهای جدید
الموضوعات :
سیمین دخت کلنی
1
,
زیبا کریمی
2
,
مهناز احمدی
3
1 - گروه روانشناسی،دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی،دانشگاه اصفهان،اصفهان، ایران
2 - گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
3 - گروه روانشناسی،دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی،دانشگاه اصفهان،اصفهان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: ابزار ارزیابی, فرسودگی شغلی, مرور سیستماتیک,
ملخص المقالة :
علی‌رغم زمان سپری شده از زمان معرفی و چارچوب‌بندی نشانگان فرسودگی شغلی و حجم عظیمی از پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده، تعریف و اندازه‌گیری آن هنوز بحث‌برانگیز است. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی و مقایسه ویژگی‌های روانسنجی ده ابزار فرسودگی شغلی بود. یک جست‌وجوی سیستماتیک برای یافتن مطالعاتی با هدف تدوین و انتشار یک پرسشنامه فرسودگی شغلی، در پایگاه PsycINFO، science Direct، Scopus، Medline، PubMed، Embase، Cochrane، Google Scholar، Web of Science و Ovid databases انجام شد. استراتژی‌های جست‌وجو منجر به 1202 مطالعه واجد شرایط احتمالی شد. عناوین و چکیده این مطالعات غربالگری شدند که منجر به 11 مطالعه احتمالی برای ورود شدند. سپس انواع روایی و پایایی هریک از ابزارها در نسخه اصلی تدوین شده توسط مولفان ارزیابی شد. به‌علاوه حساسیت یا نقطه برش تشخیص بیمار از غیر بیمار و سازگاری بین مفهوم‌سازی و اندازه‌گیری فرسودگی شغلی در هر ابزار بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد BAT کامل‌ترین ویژگی‌های روانسنجی را دارد و AVEM و CBI و در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار می‌گیرند. همچنین بین مفهوم‌سازی و اندازه‌گیری فرسودگی شغلی در BAT سازگاری وجود دارد و دارای نقطه برش تشخیص فرسوده از غیر‌فرسوده است. ابزار رایج و معروف فرسودگی شغلی مسلش (MBI) علاوه بر نداشتن نقطه برش و نداشتن ویژگی‌های روانسنجی کافی، دارای اشکالات جدی است. پژوهش حاضر نشان داد پژوهشگران آتی بایستی از ابزارهایی با ویژگی‌های روانسنجی معتبرتر برای ارزیابی و شیوع شناسی فرسودگی شغلی استفاده کنند تا بتوانند به نتایج واقعی و کاربردی برای پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی مداخلات فرسودگی شغلی دست‌یابند.
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