Advanced polymer nanocomposites for CO₂ absorption: from design to application in greenhouse gas reduction
Subject Areas : پلیمرها در انرژی و کاربردهای بهداشتی و محیطی
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Keywords: Polymer nanocomposite, selective adsorption, carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases, amine functionality,
Abstract :
The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as the primary greenhouse gas, has necessitated the development of efficient and novel capture technologies. Traditional methods, such as liquid amine scrubbing, suffer from drawbacks including high energy consumption, equipment corrosion, and solvent degradation. In this context, solid adsorbents, particularly polymer nanocomposites, have gained significant importance due to their high specific surface area, functionalizability, and ease of regeneration. In this review article, the design principles, adsorption mechanisms (physical, chemical, and combined), types of polymer matrices (polyimide, polysulfone, polyethyleneimine), and effective nanofillers (metal-organic frameworks, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, porous nanosilica) are investigated. The results indicate that through amine functionalization, optimal selection of nanofillers, and the simultaneous combination of physical and chemical adsorption, a significant improvement in performance can be achieved. Fabrication methods include solution mixing, melt compounding, and in-situ polymerization. The main challenges include moisture stability, high cost of nanofillers, and process scalability. Key applications of this technology include CO₂ separation from power plant flue gas, natural gas sweetening, and direct air capture. With advances in green synthesis and the development of mixed matrix membranes, polymer nanocomposites offer a promising outlook for a low-carbon future. Simultaneous optimization of components and operating conditions will be key to achieving desirable industrial performance.
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